Bed-Load Regime

Bed-Load vs Suspension Regime

§8.9 Shields-parameter screening over a pump-rate × concentration grid. Pick a window in the green/lime band to minimize slumping.

Inputs

Proppant

Carrier μ_f @ ref T (cP)

Carrier ρ @ ref T (ppg)

Reference T (°F)

Bottom-hole T (°F)

Activation B (K)

Perf d (in)

Frac height (ft)

Frac width (in)

Rate min (bpm)

Rate max (bpm)

Conc max (vol)

Op rate (bpm)

Op conc (vol)

Downhole carrier @ 180 °Fμ_f = 0.99 cPρ_f = 8.18 ppg(×0.33 of ref @ 70 °F, B=1900 K)

Op regime

Sheet flow (severe)

θ / θ_c

26.13

Shields θ

0.904

Bed-load carry

41 ft

Regime heatmap · row = concentration · col = pump rate

θ/θ_c isolinesDim cellscell label = θ/θ_c

Suspended (no bed)Stable bedIncipient motionBed-load (slumping risk)Sheet flow (severe)·θ/θ_c = 1 (critical)θ/θ_c = 2θ/θ_c = 5θ/θ_c = 10 (sheet)