Berea plug: CO₂ plume migration vs pressure and temperature
Every cell is a full run of the CO₂ trapping calculator model on your measured Berea plug.
From the plug — Berea sandstone (fired)
Porosity 0.221 · permeability 914 md · S_gi 0.55 · S_gr 0.31 (lab 50 °C, 9 MPa)
Land C = 1/S_gr − 1/S_gi = 1.408 → S_gr,max = 0.415; residual brine S_wr = 1 − S_gi = 0.45
Source: Krevor et al. 2012, WRR 48 W02532, doi:10.1029/2011WR010859 (tables). Krevor's S_gi and S_gr come from separate tables, so this pair is not from a single test.
At lab conditions (122 °F, 1,305 psi) after 1 yr: CO₂ 292.4 kg/m³, brine re-entry 100.0%, trapped 563,636 t (56.4%)
Trapped CO₂ (% of injected) · brine re-entry % · CO₂ density
Berea is very permeable (914 md), so after about 5 years brine has re-entered the whole plume at almost any pressure and temperature, and trapping reaches its ceiling of 56.4%. Shorter times show where denser CO₂ (high pressure, low temperature) slows the plume and traps less.
| T \ p (psi) | 1,305 | 2,000 | 3,000 | 4,000 | 5,000 | 6,000 | 7,000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80 °F | 24.9% re-entry 44% 782 kg/m³ | 16.4% re-entry 29% 855 kg/m³ | 10.7% re-entry 19% 911 kg/m³ | 7.3% re-entry 13% 949 kg/m³ | 4.9% re-entry 9% 979 kg/m³ | 3.1% re-entry 5% 1003 kg/m³ | 1.6% re-entry 3% 1024 kg/m³ |
| 122 °F | 56.4% re-entry 100% 292 kg/m³ | 41.0% re-entry 73% 665 kg/m³ | 23.7% re-entry 42% 792 kg/m³ | 16.6% re-entry 29% 854 kg/m³ | 12.3% re-entry 22% 896 kg/m³ | 9.2% re-entry 16% 929 kg/m³ | 6.9% re-entry 12% 956 kg/m³ |
| 160 °F | 56.4% re-entry 100% 206 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 436 kg/m³ | 40.5% re-entry 72% 664 kg/m³ | 27.5% re-entry 49% 760 kg/m³ | 20.6% re-entry 37% 818 kg/m³ | 16.0% re-entry 28% 860 kg/m³ | 12.7% re-entry 22% 894 kg/m³ |
| 200 °F | 56.4% re-entry 100% 172 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 316 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 531 kg/m³ | 40.6% re-entry 72% 659 kg/m³ | 30.6% re-entry 54% 734 kg/m³ | 24.1% re-entry 43% 787 kg/m³ | 19.5% re-entry 35% 828 kg/m³ |
| 240 °F | 56.4% re-entry 100% 151 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 260 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 432 kg/m³ | 53.0% re-entry 94% 566 kg/m³ | 40.6% re-entry 72% 654 kg/m³ | 32.4% re-entry 57% 717 kg/m³ | 26.5% re-entry 47% 765 kg/m³ |
| 280 °F | 56.4% re-entry 100% 136 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 226 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 366 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 491 kg/m³ | 49.6% re-entry 88% 583 kg/m³ | 40.3% re-entry 72% 652 kg/m³ | 33.5% re-entry 59% 705 kg/m³ |
| 320 °F | 56.4% re-entry 100% 124 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 202 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 321 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 432 kg/m³ | 56.4% re-entry 100% 523 kg/m³ | 47.2% re-entry 84% 594 kg/m³ | 39.8% re-entry 71% 650 kg/m³ |
Outlined cell = lab test conditions. "—" = the model refused (outside the CO₂ property range or the plume outgrows the area).
Not from the plug (calculator starting values, not your data): 1 Mt injected, the chosen years after injection, 5,000 acres, 100 ft thick, k_rg* 0.4, 2° dip, brine 1,050 kg/m³. CO₂ density Span-Wagner 1996, viscosity Fenghour 1998; plume migration Hesse/Orr/Tchelepi 2008 and MacMinn et al. 2011; trapping Land 1968. Screening estimate: no capillary pinning, dissolution or layering.